Indicated to dilate the pupil.
►Pupil dilation, recommended:
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is an α-1 adrenergic agonist drug that is used in ophthalmology mainly for its mydriatic effect. After topical application to the conjunctiva, phenylephrine acts directly on α-adrenergic receptors in the eye, producing contraction of the dilator muscle of the pupil and constriction of the arterioles in the conjunctiva.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% is contraindicated in patients with hypertension or thyrotoxicosis. Phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% should be used in these patients.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 10% is contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 1 year of age due to the increased risk of systemic toxicity. Phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 2.5% should be used in these patients [See Dosage and Administration (2.2) in package insert].
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the reduction of elevated IOP. Also used in concomitant esotropias with a significant accomodative component.
►Elevated IOP:
►Accommodative esotropia (pediatric use):
DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARING EYEDROPS:
chlorobutanol
Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor for topical use which enhances the effect of endogenously liberated acetylcholine in iris, ciliary muscle, and other parasympathetically innervated structures of the eye. It thereby causes miosis, increase in facility of outflow of aqueous humor, fall in intraocular pressure, and potentiation of accommodation.
Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution will depress both plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase levels in most patients after a few weeks of eyedrop therapy.
Contraindicated in active uveal inflammation, most cases of angle-closure glaucoma without iridectomy, due to the possibility of increasing angle block, and in hypersensitivity to the active or inactive ingredients.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for use in corneal collagen cross-linking in combination with the KXL™ System for the treatment of progressive keratoconus or corneal ectasia following refractive surgery.
►Corneal collagen cross-linking in combination with the KXL System for the treatment of progressive keratoconus or corneal ectasia following refractive surgery:
None listed in package insert.
Riboflavin 5’-phosphate sodium (Vitamin B2) is the precursor of two coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide, which catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions involved in a number of metabolic pathways.
Under the conditions used for corneal collagen cross-linking, riboflavin 5’-phosphate functions as a photoenhancer and generates singlet oxygen which is responsible for the cross-linking.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension; management of acute angle-closure glaucoma; prevention of post-operative elevated IOP associated with laser surgery and induction of miosis.
►Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension:
►Acute angle-closure glaucoma, initial management:
►Post-operative elevated IOP associated with laser surgery:
►Miosis, induction:
►Use with other topical ophthalmic medications:
►Use in pediatric patients:
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Pilocarpine hydrochloride is a direct acting cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent which acts through direct stimulation of muscarinic receptors and smooth muscle such as the iris and secretory glands. Pilocarpine contracts the ciliary muscle, causing increased tension on the scleral spur and opening of the trabecular meshwork spaces to facilitate outflow of aqueous humor. Outflow resistance is reduced, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Pilocarpine also produces miosis through contraction of the iris sphincter muscle. Miosis relieves appositional angle narrowing and closure, which lowers IOP in certain types of angle-closure glaucoma.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the topical treatment of superficial infections of the external eye and its adnexa caused by susceptible bacteria. Such infections encompass conjunctivitis, keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis, blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis.
►Superficial infections of the external eye and its adnexa caused by susceptible bacteria:
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
None listed in package insert.
A wide range of antibacterial action is provided by the overlapping spectra of bacitracin and polymyxin B sulfate. Bacitracin is bactericidal for a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibition of the regeneration of phospholipid receptors involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Polymyxin B is bactericidal for a variety of gram-negative organisms. It increases the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with the phospholipid components of the membrane.
Bacitracin zinc and polymyxin B sulfate together are considered active against the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens.
Contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of this medication's components.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated in the treatment of surface ocular bacterial infections, including acute bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus viridan; Haemophilus influenzae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
*Efficacy for this organism in this organ system was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
►Mild to moderate surface ocular bacterial infections:
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
benzalkonium chloride
Trimethoprim is a synthetic antibacterial drug active against a wide variety of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative ophthalmic pathogens. Trimethoprim blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This binding is stronger for the bacterial enzyme than for the corresponding mammalian enzyme and therefore selectively interferes with bacterial biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.
In vitro studies have demonstrated that the anti-infective components of POLYTRIM® are active against the following bacterial pathogens that are capable of causing external infections of the eye:
Trimethoprim: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis (indolenegative), Proteus vulgaris (indole-positive), Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia marcescens.
Polymyxin B: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Haemophilus influenzae.
Consult package insert for additional information.
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of this medication's components.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of steroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.
►Steroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe:
benzalkonium chloride
Prednisolone acetate is a glucocorticoid that, on the basis of weight, has 3 to 5 times the anti-inflammatory potency of hydrocortisone. Glucocorticoids inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, and phagocytic migration of the acute inflammatory response, as well as capillary proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation.
Contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.
PRED FORTE® is also contraindicated in individuals with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation and to other corticosteroids.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate noninfectious allergic and inflammatory disorders of the lid, conjunctiva, cornea and sclera (including chemical and thermal burns).
►Mild to moderate noninfectious allergic and inflammatory disorders of the lid, conjunctiva, cornea and sclera (including chemical and thermal burns):
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
benzalkonium chloride
Prednisolone acetate is a glucocorticoid that, on the basis of weight, has 3 to 5 times the anti-inflammatory potency of hydrocortisone. Glucocorticoids inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, and phagocytic migration of the acute inflammatory response, as well as capillary proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation.
Contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.
PRED MILD® suspension is also contraindicated in individuals with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation and to other corticosteroids.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where superficial bacterial ocular infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists.
Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitides is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns or penetration of foreign bodies.
The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of superficial ocular infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye.
The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serratia marcescens.
►Steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions:
chlorobutanol (ophthalmic ointment); benzalkonium chloride (ophthalmic suspension)
Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of agents and they probably delay or slow healing. Since corticosteroids may inhibit the body’s defense mechanism against infection, a concomitant antimicrobial drug may be used when this inhibition is considered to be clinically significant in a particular case.
The anti-infective component in PRED-G® is included to provide action against specific organisms susceptible to it. Gentamicin sulfate is active in vitro against susceptible strains of the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens.
When a decision to administer both a corticosteroid and an antimicrobial is made, the administration of such drugs in combination has the advantage of greater patient compliance and convenience, with the added assurance that the appropriate dosage of both drugs is administered. When both types of drugs are in the same formulation, compatibility of ingredients is assured and the correct volume of drug is delivered and retained.
The relative potency of corticosteroids depends on the molecular structure, concentration, and release from the vehicle.
Contraindicated in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of the ocular structures.
PRED-G® is also contraindicated in individuals with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation or to other corticosteroids.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitides, when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation; corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies.
►Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe:
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and probably delay or slow healing. They inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation associated with inflammation. There is no generally accepted explanation for the mechanism of action of ocular corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A .
Corticosteroids are capable of producing a rise in intraocular pressure.
Contraindicated in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis) vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.
Also contraindicated in individuals with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation and to other corticosteroids.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe, such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitis when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation, corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies.
Recommended for moderate to severe inflammations, particularly when unusually rapid control is desired. In stubborn cases of anterior segment eye disease, systemic adrenocortical hormone therapy may be required. When deeper ocular structures are involved, systemic therapy is necessary.
►Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe:
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Prednisolone sodium phosphate is a corticosteroid that causes inhibition of inflammatory response to inciting agents of mechanical, chemical or immunological nature. No generally accepted explanation of this steroid property has been advanced.
Contraindicated in the presence of: 1) Acute superficial herpes simplex keratitis; 2) Fungal diseases of ocular structures; 3) Acute infectious stages of vaccinia, varicella and most other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva; 4) Tuberculosis of the eye; 5) Hypersensitivity to a component of this medication.
The use of this preparation is always contraindicated after uncomplicated removal of a superficial corneal foreign body.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated in severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: allergic corneal marginal ulcers; herpes zoster ophthalmicus; anterior segment inflammation; diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis; sympathetic ophthalmia; allergic conjunctivitis; keratitis chorioretinitis; optic neuritis; iritis and iridocyclitis.
►Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa:
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs, such as prednisone, are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.
Glucocorticoids, cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body’s immune responses to diverse stimuli.
Contraindicated in systemic fungal infections and known hypersensitivity to components of this medication.
Pregnancy: Since adequate human reproduction studies have not been done with corticosteroids, the use of these drugs in pregnancy, nursing mothers or women of childbearing potential requires that the possible benefits of the drug be weighed against the potential hazards to the mother and embryo or fetus. Infants born of mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy, should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of post-operative inflammation and reduction of ocular pain in patients who have undergone cataract surgery.
►Post-operative inflammation and reduction of ocular pain in patients who have undergone cataract surgery, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of its action is thought to be due to its ability to block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. Prostaglandins have been shown in many animal models to be mediators of certain kinds of intraocular inflammation. In studies performed in animal eyes, prostaglandins have been shown to produce disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocytosis, and increased intraocular pressure.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for procedures in which a topical ophthalmic anesthetic is indicated: corneal anesthesia of short duration, e.g. tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of corneal foreign bodies, and for short corneal and conjunctival procedures.
►Removal of foreign bodies and sutures, and for tonometry, usual dosage:
►Short corneal and conjunctival procedures, usual dosage:
• Proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution should be clear to straw-color. If the solution becomes darker, discard the solution.
Preservatives may vary across product manufacturers. Consult individual package inserts.
Proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is a rapidly-acting topical anesthetic, with induced anesthesia lasting approximately 10 – 20 minutes.
Should be considered contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated to increase tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Increased tear production was not seen in patients currently taking topical anti-inflammatory drugs or using punctal plugs.
►Tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca:
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
►Consult package insert for information on preparation for use.
None listed in package insert.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent when administered systemically.
In patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cyclosporine emulsion is thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.
Contraindicated in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formulation.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of chronic noninfectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye.
►Chronic noninfectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye:
None listed in package insert.
Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and probably delay or slow healing. They inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation associated with inflammation.
There is no generally accepted explanation for the mechanism of action of ocular corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Corticosteroids are capable of producing a rise in intraocular pressure.
Contraindicated in active viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in active bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infections of the eye.
None listed in package insert.
Additional information for Dosage and Administration:
Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
►Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor, which is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork route. The exact mechanism is unknown.
None listed in package insert
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
►Glaucoma, open-angle or ocular hypertension, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
ROCKLATAN is comprised of two components: netarsudil and latanoprost. Each of these two components decreases elevated IOP. Elevated IOP represents a major risk factor for glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and glaucomatous visual field loss.
ROCKLATAN is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
►Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
SIMBRINZA is comprised of two components: brinzolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) and brimonidine tartrate (alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist). Each of these two components decreases elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of optic nerve damage and glaucomatous visual field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of glaucomatous field loss and optic nerve damage.
Brinzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye to decrease aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. Brinzolamide has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at 2 to 3 hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that brimonidine tartrate has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Brimonidine tartrate has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. The result is a reduction in IOP.
Contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.
SIMBRINZA is contraindicated in neonates and infants (under the age of 2 years) [See Use in Specific Populations (8.4) in package insert].
None listed in package insert.
Used for the temporary relief of corneal edema as an eye lubricant.
►Corneal edema:
►Recurrent corneal erosion, chronic:
None listed in package insert (ophthalmic ointment); methylparaben, polyparaben (ophthalmic solution)
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.