Indicated for the treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye.
►Treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye, recommended:
None listed in package insert.
Corticosteroids inhibit inflammatory responses to a variety of inciting agents including multiple inflammatory cytokines. They inhibit edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation associated with inflammation.
Corticosteroids are thought to act by inhibition of phospholipase A via induction of inhibitory proteins collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting release of the common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A .
Contraindicated in patients with active or suspected ocular or periocular infections including most viral disease of the cornea and conjunctiva including active epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, varicella, mycobacterial infections and fungal diseases. YUTIQ is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any components of this product.
None listed in package insert.
Used for the temporary relief of itchy eyes due to pollen, ragweed, grass, animal hair and dander.
►Itching due to pollen, ragweed, grass, animal hair and dander.
benzalkonium chloride
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
►Itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
ZERVIATE, an antihistamine, is a histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonist. The antihistaminic activity of cetirizine has been documented in a variety of animal and human models. In vivo and ex vivo animal models have shown negligible anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activity. In vitro receptor binding studies have shown no measurable affinity for other than H1 receptors.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
►Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, recommended:
None listed in package insert.
Tafluprost acid, a prostaglandin analog is a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist which is believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The exact mechanism of action is unknown at this time.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis (dendritic ulcers).
►Acute herpetic keratitis, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
ZIRGAN (ganciclovir ophthalmic gel) 0.15% contains the active ingredient, ganciclovir, which is a guanosine derivative that, upon phosphorylation, inhibits DNA replication by herpes simplex viruses (HSV). Ganciclovir is transformed by viral and cellular thymidine kinases (TK) to ganciclovir triphosphate, which works as an antiviral agent by inhibiting the synthesis of viral DNA in 2 ways: competitive inhibition of viral DNA-polymerase and direct incorporation into viral primer strand DNA, resulting in DNA chain termination and prevention of replication.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms: uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage. Recommended dosages and durations of therapy in adult and pediatric patient populations vary in these indications.
►Skin/skin structure (uncomplicated):
►Inclusion (chlamydial) conjunctivitis:
►Hordeolum:
None listed in package insert.
Azithromycin is a macrolide antiibiotic that acts by binding the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and impeding the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, any macrolide or ketolide drug.
Contraindicated in patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the acute treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) and for the treatment of chickenpox (varicella).
►Herpes zoster (acute):
►Herpes simplex keratitis (acute):
►Herpes simplex keratitis (prophylaxis):
►Chickenpox:
►Additional information for Renal Impairment is in Notes below.
None listed in package insert (capsules, tablets); methylparaben, propylparaben (oral suspension)
Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1), 2 (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. This viral enzyme converts acyclovir into acyclovir monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. This is accomplished in 3 ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, 2) incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, and 3) inactivation of the viral DNA polymerase. The greater antiviral activity of acyclovir against HSV compared to VZV is due to its more efficient phosphorylation by the viral TK.
Contraindicated for patients who develop hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir.
None listed in package insert.
Additional information for renal impairment:
►Patients with acute or chronic renal impairment:
Indicated for use as a topical anti-infective and corticosteroid combination for steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where superficial bacterial ocular infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists.
Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, and where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitides is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies.
The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of superficial ocular infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye.
The particular anti-infective drug in this product (tobramycin) is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococci, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis (coagulase-positive and coagulasenegative), including penicillin-resistant strains. Streptococci, including some of the Group Abeta-hemolytic species, some nonhemolytic species, and some Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, most Proteus vulgaris strains, Haemophilus influenzae, and H. aegyptius, Moraxella lacunata, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and some Neisseria species.
►Steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions, recommended:
benzalkonium chloride
Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and probably delay or slow healing. They inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation associated with inflammation. There is no generally accepted explanation for the mechanism of action of ocular corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid.
Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Corticosteroids are capable of producing a rise in intraocular pressure.
Loteprednol etabonate is structurally similar to other corticosteroids. However, the number 20 position ketone group is absent.
The anti-infective component in the combination (tobramycin) is included to provide action against susceptible organisms. In vitro studies have demonstrated that tobramycin is active against susceptible strains of the following microorganisms:
Staphylococci, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis (coagulase-positive and coagulasenegative), including penicillin-resistant strains.
Streptococci, including some of the Group A-beta-hemolytic species, some nonhemolytic species, and some Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, most Proteus vulgaris strains, Haemophilus influenzae and H. aegyptius, Moraxella lacunata, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and some Neisseria species.
Contraindicated in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.
None listed in package insert.
Indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms: Aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus mitis group*; Streptococcus oralis*; Streptococcus pneumoniae. Aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae.
*Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
►Bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of listed organisms:
►Recurrent corneal erosion:
benzalkonium chloride
Gatifloxacin is a quinolone antimicrobial. Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with a 3-methylpiperazinyl substituent at C7. The antibacterial action of gatifloxacin results from inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme that is involved in the replication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme known to play a key role in the partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division.
The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones including gatifloxacin is different from that of aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline antibiotics. Therefore, gatifloxacin may be active against pathogens that are resistant to these antibiotics and these antibiotics may be active against pathogens that are resistant to gatifloxacin. There is no cross-resistance between gatifloxacin and the aforementioned classes of antibiotics. Cross-resistance has been observed between systemic gatifloxacin and some other fluoroquinolones.
Resistance to gatifloxacin in vitro develops via multiple-step mutations. Resistance to gatifloxacin in vitro occurs at a general frequency of 1 x 10-7 to 10-10.
Gatifloxacin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following organisms both microbiologically and clinically, in conjunctival infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE (Section 1) in package insert.
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria:
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus mitis group*
Streptococcus oralis*
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria:
Haemophilus influenzae
*Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to gatifloxacin, to other quinolones, or to any of the components in this medication [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1) in package insert].
None listed in package insert.
Used for the temporary relief of the following symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose; sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; itching of the nose or throat.
►Runny nose; sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; itching of the nose or throat:
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
Used for the temporary relief of the following symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose; sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; itching of the nose or throat.
►Runny nose; sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; itching of the nose or throat:
None listed in package insert (tablets); sodium benzoate (oral solution)
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.
None listed in package insert.